Articles

A shadow DOM element is one that has been programmatically added to an element with the use of JavaScript and whose content does not show up in the browser’s DOM. Automating Selenium tests on your website can save you time and money by ensuring the changes you make are not breaking anything or negatively impacting your user experience. There are multiple ways to do this, but in this guide, we will be going over how to automate shadow DOM elements using Selenium WebDriver.

Locate the Host Element

The first step is to locate the host element. The host element is the element that contains the shadow tree. It can be any type of element, such as a div, section, or span. Once you have found the host element, you need to use the findElement command to find the shadow root. In order to perform an action on the shadow root, we need to use the executeScript command. To perform an action on one specific node in the tree (e.g., all button nodes), we must find and identify it within our script (e.g., button).

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Hello devs, if you are preparing for a system design interview and looking for the best resources to master software design and system design, then you have come to the right place. 

Earlier, I shared the best System Courses, Books, and System Interview Questions, and in this article, I will share the best places to learn system design.

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We build applications that must process very high numbers of events with minimum latency. Generating unique IDs for these events using the traditional method of UUIDs introduces an unacceptable time overhead into our applications, so an alternative approach is needed.

I recently wrote an article on how timestamps can be used as unique identifiers, as they are much cheaper to generate than other methods of generating unique identifiers, taking a fraction of a microsecond. 

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About This Series

Last time, we covered a scenario in which a threat actor found leaked RSA private keys used by a TLS wildcard certificate for “Poor Corp.” By chaining the leaked private key with DNS misconfigurations, the attacker was able to impersonate a Poor Corp subdomain and use it to create highly effective phishing emails.

In this series, we will dissect not just what an attacker can do to get access to credentials, but also what they would do after getting that initial access. We will walk through a different threat scenario in each part of the series and tell stories of malicious hackers that are either true, based on a true incident, or reasonably theoretical.

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This is the perfect time to raise this point — just as Spring Native is coming to the forefront. Is it time to move to GraalVM? Spoiler: it depends. Yes, if you’re building serverless, probably no if you’re building pretty much anything else — with a few exceptions for some microservices.

Before I begin, I want to qualify that I’m talking about native image (SubstrateVM) which is what most people mean when they say GraalVM. That specific feature took over a much larger and more ambitious project that includes some amazing capabilities such as polyglot programming. GraalVM native images let us compile our Java projects to native code. It performs analysis and removes unnecessary stuff, it can reduce the size and startup time of a binary significantly. I’ve seen 10-20x improvement to startup time, that’s a lot. Ram usage is also much lower sometimes by a similar scale but usually not as significant.

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Motivation

In my previous article, I demonstrated how JWT tokens can replace passwords for a safer and more secure cloud-native future.

Check out my previous articles covering SSO for DB Console using Google OAuth, Microsoft Identity Platform, and Okta.

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Today, the cloud environment has been chosen by many business solutions as the major hosting environment for their applications. They can either choose Software-as-a-service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-service (PaaS), or Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) different solution types to build up solutions to meet business requirements. However, storing business data in the Cloud environment will have a great challenge in exposing business data to the public. As the concerns data security issues, every Cloud platform vendor provides a different solution for data security. Understanding the similarity and differences in those solutions will help the business clients choose the proper solution for the business applications.  

This article will discuss the primary solution use cases and major differences in secret key management among the Microsoft Azure, Amazon AWS, and Google Cloud Platform for managing secret keys, certificates, and data encryptions.  Although a platform could provide a similar solution or indirect solution for a specific use case, it will still be compared as a difference as long as it is not a commonly used use case.

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It is important to invest time and effort in understanding why a system performs the way it does and how we can improve it. Companies continue with practices that yield successful results but ignoring anti-patterns can be far worse than choosing rigid processes. In this article, we will explore anti-patterns in incident response and why you should unlearn those.

Common Anti-Patterns in Incident Response 

Just Get Everyone on the Call 

Alerting everyone each time an incident is detected is not the best of practices. Sometimes notifying everyone is easier or adds value. For example:

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As microservices systems expand beyond a handful of services, we often need some way to coordinate everything and ensure consistent communication (avoid human error). Tools such as Kubernetes or Docker Compose have quickly become commonplace for these types of workloads. Today’s example will use Docker Compose.

Docker Compose is an orchestration tool that manages containerized applications, and while I have heard many lament the complexity of Kubernetes, I found Docker Compose to have some complexities as well. We will work through these along the way and explain how I solved them.

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